Juniper Publishers- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

  JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES Abstract Glaucoma forms worldwide basis for visual impairment and sightlessness. Every single type of glaucoma produces damage to optic nerve neurons and is most frequently linked with raised level of intraocular pressure. Intraocular pressure mounts up mainly due to inadequate outflow of aqueous humour and its continuous production via ciliary body. A positive family history serves as chief risk factor for the disease. Diagnosis of the disease at premature stage and periodic therapeutic follow ups helps to slow down its developmental rate. Though research has been going on to develop a Neuro-protective drug or surgical technique to absolutely prevent the disease progression but success has not been achieved yet. Keywords: Glaucoma; IOP (Intraocular pressure); Trabecular meshwork (TBM); Genetics; Pathogenesis; Diagnosis; Therapeutics ...

  JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL & DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES Opinion The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive medical therapy which is a brain stimulation technique with the production of short magnetic fields by using a coil placed over the scalp. These magnetic fields are of the same type as of those used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging. Magnetic pulses produce a weak electrical current in the brain that activates neuronal circuits which could have been underactive or overactive in different areas of the brain by either providing stimulation or inhibition based on the different frequencies and protocols being used in each time. The use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) clinically has increased in the last decade after receiving FDA approval in 2008 for major depressive disorder and recently being included in National Institute of Clinical Excellence Guidelines [1] for depress...