Juniper Publishers- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Role of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Pathophysiology of Depression Authored by Tridip Chatterjee Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial growth factor in the central nervous system (CNS) as it is required for the development of this system as well as synaptic plasticity of the brain that underlie the learning and memory process . Furthermore, this neurotrophic factor is also implicated in mood regulation. Thus the deficiency of BDNF signaling in the brain may give rise to cognitive dysfunction and anhedonia, the important features of depression. Monoamine neurotransmission deficiencies form an important basis for the pathogenesis and maintaining the characteristic features of depression. However, in addition to monoamine neurotransmission deficiencies, BDNF deficiencies have also been noticed in depression patients. Furthermore, anti-depression treatment mediates the depression reducing effects by increasing BDNF output in brain. Thus...

Emotional Intelligence as an Educational Strategy for Improving Employability Disabled People Authored by Maria del Carmen Ortega-Navas The need to acquire, develop and update the competences of people with disabilities is strengthened, one of them, being Emotional Intelligence (IE here in after) as an educational, which will translate into a better qualification in the current demands on access to the labor market for people with disabilities. In fact, today, the globalization, the liberalization of markets, and the fall of trade and technological gates have made it necessary for students to increasingly strengthen their solid training at different levels: theoretical, practical and emotional. To Read More...  PHP  in  Global Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities  in  Juniper Publishers

The Prospects of Applying of Technologies of Nonlinear Stimulation Therapy to Treat Amblyopia Authored by Zueva Marina V The theory of "fractality of sensations” links to the development and maintenance of the optimal complexity of the networks and functional activity of the brain with the complexity of the visual and other environmental signals that affect the person during the life. The need to control and maintain healthy fractal dynamics during the lifespan by using the natural and artificial cues of complex structure and dynamics was substantiated. In pathological conditions, when the dynamics of the rhythmic brain activity is disordered, or a simplification of visible environmental stimuli occurs, technologies of nonlinear stimulation therapy can be especially helpful. The use of complex stimuli can promote recovery of the brain in the aging, neurodegenerative diseases and amblyopia, acting through the reactivation of neuroplasticity. We argue here th...

Motor Recovery of Lower Limbs in Cerebral Palsy with Botulinum Toxin and Physiotherapy Authored by  Mastromauro L The gait is a central function in the neuropsychological development of the normal child and in neuromotor diseases such as PCI. Spasticity is a major problem that prevents the development of motor functions remaining in these patients, thus producing a limited participation in recreational and sports activities and social activities. The synergistic action of the FET and the BTX-A can be a valuable aid, as the transient inhibition of muscle spasticity, can allow the subject to learn to reorganize through the rehabilitation intervention movement in a different way, in order to reduce the functional limitations in the lower limbs allowing a greater motor skills and thus a better quality of life. To Read More.. PHP  in  Global Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities  in  Juniper Publishers

Disability and Its Origination Authored by  Shahid Hussain Sheikh The disabilities may very well be defined as a "state of non-functionality”. It may be a temporary or permanent. Disability may be caused by accident or developmental anomaly or disruption of anatomical and/or physiological homeostasis on the system level, organ level, tissue level, cellular level or Nucleus level. To date, all healthcare disciplines Allopathy, Homeopathy, Alternative medicine and others stop their investigation to diagnose at cellular level. Cells are controlled by the nucleus. Nobody has yet further investigated the contribution of "Nucleopathy” into the malfunctioning of the system that signifies the phenomena of "Symptomatology”. The urgency of settlement of the symptomatology has compelled the healthcare system to continue to develop advancements in its alleviation that is now thought to be the best available solution for the quality healthcare. Therefore, the symptomatic ...

Nonpharmacological Treatment for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Alzheimer's Disease Authored by  Koji Hori We are studying the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Firstly we investigated the effects of aging or disease progression on BPSD. According to patient age at the time of the test, the 79 AD patient group (n=79, whole AD group was divided into two groups: a relative Older Group (OG) and a relative younger group (YG). The diurnal rhythm was significantly higher in the OG than in the YG (Student's t-test: P<0.05). Factor analysis showed that in OG the psychotic symptoms were connected by anxieties and phobias [ 1 ]. Then the AD patients were divided into a group with higher performance (n=40, HP group) and a group with lower performance (n=39, LP group). The disturbance of activity and disturbance of diurnal rhythm were negatively correlated with cognitive function, while affective...

Opinion- Is Fetal Alcohol Exposure (FAE) Important? Authored by  Carl C Bell This opinion answers the question "Is exposure to fetal alcohol important?"; Especially, when considering the etiology of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Based on clinical experience and scientific literature the answer is a resounding "Yes";. A recent Institute of Medicine Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education report on Mental Disorders and Disabilities among Low-Income Children focused on the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorders and Conduct Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disabilities, Learning Disabilities, and Mood Disorders. Unfortunately, fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) did not have enough hard evidence to be included. There was very little mention of this common etiologic factor in the Neuro developmental Disorders of Childhood. The authors think this oversight was unfortunat...